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| author | mjfernez <mjf@mjfer.net> | 2023-07-11 23:21:59 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | mjfernez <mjf@mjfer.net> | 2023-07-11 23:23:10 -0400 |
| commit | 27bc09d8ce0a32cdc2fd5688faeaa380ad94edfd (patch) | |
| tree | 6f79cf2717d949b7dc18f3b662574949add83445 /.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt | |
| parent | 64cc489d6f463bc6b242dcc5c61a7ce6359f9aac (diff) | |
| download | site-files-27bc09d8ce0a32cdc2fd5688faeaa380ad94edfd.tar.gz | |
Removed garbage thoughts, small edits
Diffstat (limited to '.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt')
| -rw-r--r-- | .md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt | 449 |
1 files changed, 449 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt b/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..722122e --- /dev/null +++ b/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ + UNIX
+ ~~~~
+
+ Command Description
+ ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ awk Search for a pattern within a file. Includes
+ a built-in programming language.
+
+ bdiff Compares two large files.
+
+ bfs Scans a large file.
+
+ cal Displays a calendar.
+
+ cat Concatenates and prints files.
+
+ cc C compiler.
+
+ cd Change directory.
+
+ chgrp Changes a file's group ownership.
+
+ chmod Changes a file's access permissions.
+
+ chown Changes the individual ownership of a file.
+
+ cmp Compares two files; diplays the location (line
+ and byte) of the 1st difference between these.
+
+ comm Compares two files so as to determine which
+ lines are common to both.
+
+ cp Copies a file to another location.
+
+ cu Calls another UNIX system.
+
+ date Returns the date and time.
+
+ df Displays free space in the file system.
+
+ diff Displays the differences between two files
+ or directories.
+
+ diff3 Displays the differences between three files
+ or directories.
+
+ du Reports on file system usage.
+
+ echo Displays its argument.
+
+ ed Text editor.
+
+ ex Text editor.
+
+ expr Evaluates its argument which is generally
+ a mathematical formula.
+
+ f77 FORTRAN compiler.
+
+ find Locates the files w/ specified characteristics.
+
+ format Initializes a floppy disk.
+
+ grep Searches for a pattern within a file. (see awk)
+
+ help Salvation.
+
+ kill Ends a process.
+
+ ln Used to link files.
+
+ lpr Copies the file to the line printer.
+
+ ls Displays info. about one or more files.
+
+ mail Used to receive or deliver e-mail.
+
+ mkdir Creates a new directory.
+
+ more Displays a long file so that the user
+ can scroll through it.
+
+ mv Used to move or rename files.
+
+ nroff Used to format text.
+
+ ps Display a process's status.
+
+ pwd Display the name of the working directory.
+
+ rm Removes one or more files.
+
+ rmdir Deletes one or more directories.
+
+ sleep Causes a process to become inactive for a
+ specified length of time.
+
+ sort Sort and merge one or more files.
+
+ spell Finds spelling errors in a file.
+
+ split Divides a file.
+
+ stty Display or set terminal parameters.
+
+ tail Displays the end of a file.
+
+ troff Outputs formatted output to a typesetter.
+
+ tset Sets the terminal type.
+
+ umask Allows the user to specify a new creation
+ mask.
+
+ uniq Compares 2 files. Finds and displays lines
+ in one file that are unique.
+
+ uucp UNIX-to-UNIX execute.
+
+ vi Full screen editor.
+
+ wc Displays details in the file size.
+
+ who Info. on who else be online.
+
+ write Used to send a message to another user.
+_______________________________________________________________________________
+~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+
+ awk program filenames
+ awk -f programfilenames filenames
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [awk] utility can be used to find any lines in a file which
+ match a certain pattern; once found, these lines can be processed.
+ In the first configuration, the program that [awk] is to
+ execute is specified in the command line. In the second,
+ the program is stored as the file given in programfilename.
+ The -f option instructs [awk] to read this file.
+
+
+ [bdiff] is used to compare files too large for [diff]. See
+ [diff] for the format.
+
+
+ bfs filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [bfs] is used to scan a large file to determine where to split
+ it into smaller files.
+
+
+ cal 01-12 (month) 0-9999 (year)
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [cal] utility can be used to display a calendar of any year
+ from 0 to 9999 AD, and any or all of the twelve months.
+
+
+ cat filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [cat] can be used to examine a short file. See [more] for
+ lengthier files.
+
+
+ number[cc]
+ ~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [cc] command changes the entire current line, or a group
+ of lines starting with the current line. [number] represents
+ the number of old lines to be deleted.
+
+
+ cd directory name
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [cd] command causes the current working directory to be
+ changed. The [directory name] can be either a full or partial
+ path name.
+
+
+ chgrp groupname filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ This command changes the group ownership of a file.
+
+
+ chmod {ugoa} {+-} {rwx}
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [chmod] utility changes a file's access permissions. [u]
+ specifies the user or owner's login name, [g] specifies a group
+ and [o] indicates all others. [a] indicates the user, group,
+ and all others; c'est the default. [+] adds permission; [-]
+ deletes it. [r] indicates read, [w] write, and [x] execute.
+
+
+ chown individualname filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [chown] changes the individual ownership of a file (see chgrp).
+
+
+ cmp filename1 filename2
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [cmp] is one of the four principle UNIX file comparison utilities.
+ It compares 2 files, and returns the positions where they differ.
+
+
+ comm -options filename1 filename2
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [comm] utility, in comparing two files, produces three
+ columns of output. The first contains lines unique to the
+ first file, the second, lines unique to the second, and the
+ third column, lines common to both files. By placing the
+ numbers [1], [2], and/or [3] in the [options] position, any
+ one (or more) of these columns can be suppressed.
+
+
+ cp sendingfile receivingfile
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [cp] command copies a file. [sendingfile] is the file to be
+ copied, [receivingfile] is the file to which it is copied.
+
+
+ diff [options] filename1 filename2
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ Again, a file comparison utility. However, with [diff], the
+ differences are displayed as instructions that can be used
+ to edit the files so that they are identical.
+
+
+ diff3 filename1 filename2 filename3
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ Similar to [diff], [diff3] is unique in that it can compare
+ three files. Gee.
+
+
+ ed filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ One of the UNIX's three editing utilities, [ed] is a basic line
+ editor. I'm sure there are other files that will explain how
+ to use [ed]. Thus, I'll confine myself to a rough outline:
+ e filename ........... edit a different file
+ f filename ........... changes the currently specified file.
+ h .................... provides explanation of errors.
+ I
+ text ................. inserts text before the current line.
+ line,linel ........... lists the specified lines.
+ line,linen ........... displays specified lines, preceded by
+ their line numbers.
+ q .................... exit from [ed]
+ w .................... writes buffer to current filename.
+ + or - ............... +number of lines closer to end
+ -number of lines closer to beginning.
+
+
+ expr formula
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ Utility which evaluates an expression.
+
+
+ find directory searchcriteria parameter actioncriteria parameter
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [find] utility can be very useful indeed, especially when
+ confronted by a UNIX with countless files. Basically, this
+ command finds files which meet certain criteria, and then
+ performs an operation (such as printing the files). Search
+ criteria consists of the following:
+
+
+ Criteria Parameter Description
+ ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ -name filename Files whose names match [filename]
+ will meet this criteria.
+ -type filetype Files whose type matches that specified
+ [b] block special will meet criteria.
+ [c] character spec. file
+ [d] directory file
+ [f] plain file
+ -links +/- x Files with # of links indicated by
+ + or - x meet this criteria.
+ -user login name Files belonging to user with given
+ or user ID # login name or ID # meet criteria.
+ -group group name Files belonging to group with given
+ or group ID # group name or ID # meet this criteria.
+ -size + or - x Files greater than +x bytes or less
+ than -x bytes meet this criteria.
+ -atime + or - x Files not accessed within +x days,
+ accessed within -x days, or acc-
+ essed x days ago meet criteria.
+ -mtime + or - x Files NOT modified within +x days,
+ modified within -x days, or modified
+ x days ago will meet this criteria.
+ -newer filename Files modified more recently than
+ [filename] meet this criteria.
+ Action Criteria " "
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~
+ -print - When search criteria are met, path
+ name of the file is displayed.
+ -exec command{ }\; Executes given command when search
+ criteria are met. { } indicates file-
+ name, [\;] ends the command.
+ -ok command{ }\; Exactly like -exec, except user is
+ prompted [y] or [n] before command.
+
+
+ grep -options searchstring filenames
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ Another search command, this for a particular string of chars.
+
+
+ ln original new
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [ln] establishes a file link. For this utility, [original] repre-
+ sents the filename to be linked, [new] the filename of the new
+ link to the original.
+
+
+ [ls] provides directory information. [ls -l/] displays a more
+ complete version of the info. list.
+
+
+ mail username username
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ This utility allows e-mail to be sent to other system users.
+
+ mail
+ ~~~~
+ Simply typing [mail] checks the user's own mailbox.
+ When sending mail, several items must be set:
+ ~s text ............ sets the subject field
+ ~c user names ...... sends other users carbon copies of mail
+ m user names ....... activates the compose mode, with the
+ specified users as the message's recipients.
+ ~h ................. displays and allows editing of all headers.
+ ^D ................. ends message editing; sends mail.
+ ~r filename ........ places file in body of message (keen command)
+
+ Reading One's Own Mail:
+ h number or range ....... causes specified headers to be displayed
+ p message # ............. displays entire message
+ d number or range ....... deletes specified messages
+ u number or range ....... undelete specified mail during SAME
+ mail session (messages removed after q)
+ q ....................... leave the post office
+
+
+ mkdir directoryname
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [mkdir] allows creation of a subdirectory, for your dining
+ enjoyment.
+
+
+ more filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ For longer files, [more] is a convenient utility. It will display
+ the first screen of file data and then stop, allowing the user
+ to control scrolling henceforth.
+
+
+ mv oldfilename newfilename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [mv] utility can be used simply to rename a file, or...
+
+
+ mv filea fileb... directory
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [mv] can also be used to move files to a new directory, provided
+ the directory exists, and you have write access to it.
+
+
+ ps -options
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [ps] command, by itself, displays the status of each active
+ process controlled by your terminal. This status report includes
+ the Process Identification Number (PID), the terminal (TTY), the
+ time the process has been executing (TIME), and the command line
+ used to execute the process (CMD).
+ [ps]'s three options include -a (displays info. on active processes
+ controlled by any terminal), -x (info. on ALL active processes), and
+ -l (an extensive status report on all active processes).
+
+
+ pwd
+ ~~~
+ [pwd] command displays the present working directory.
+
+
+ rm filename
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [rm] removes a file. More than one file can be specified.
+
+
+ rmdir directoryname
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ This utility removes a directory, an EMPTY directory (save the
+ hidden files).
+
+
+ sleep seconds
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [sleep] utility causes a process to become inactive for a
+ certain period of time. Max. seconds is 65,536 (about 18 hrs).
+
+
+ sort -options filenames
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [sort] merges and sorts files. Without options, [sort] orders
+ files by the ASCII codes of the characters at the beginning
+ of each line. Options include -b (leading blanks ignored), -d
+ (only letters, digs, and blanks considered; "dictionary sort"),
+ -f (case ignored), -n (numerical sort [for numerical data]), and
+ -r (a reverse sort).
+
+
+ split -size original resulting
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ [split] divides a large file into smaller ones. [size] refers to
+ the number of lines the resulting files contain, [original] is
+ the name of the orig. file, and [resulting] represents the
+ prefix name assigned to the newly created files.
+
+
+ umask ugo
+ ~~~~~~~~~
+ [umask] changes the file CREATION mask (see [chmod] for already
+ existing files). Here, [u] represents the owner's access
+ permission, [g] the group's a.p., and [o] the a.p. for all others.
+
+
+ [uucp] (UNIX to UNIX copy) can be used to send files to a
+ remote UNIX, or retrieve files from the remote system.
+ Other UNIX comm commands include [cu] (which establishes contact
+ with another system), and [uux] (UNIX to UNIX execute; allows
+ commands to be executed on a remote system).
+
+
+ wc -options filenames
+ ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
+ The [wc] utility displays file-size information. This includes
+ the number of lines, words, and characters. By chosing the
+ -l, -w, or -c options, the information can be limited to only
+ line, word, or character number.
+
+
+ who
+ ~~~
+ A very useful command (which some systems respond to even before
+ a user is actually logged on), [who] displays a list of users
+ currently online. This list includes the user's name, terminal
+ device # (tty), and the log-in time. [who am i] displays info.
+ only on the user who executed the command.
+
+
+
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