From 64cc489d6f463bc6b242dcc5c61a7ce6359f9aac Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mjfernez Date: Sat, 10 Sep 2022 17:38:16 -0400 Subject: Add text files from textfiles.com --- thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt | 449 ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ 1 file changed, 449 insertions(+) create mode 100644 thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt (limited to 'thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt') diff --git a/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt b/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt new file mode 100644 index 0000000..722122e --- /dev/null +++ b/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt @@ -0,0 +1,449 @@ + UNIX + ~~~~ + + Command Description + ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ + + awk Search for a pattern within a file. Includes + a built-in programming language. + + bdiff Compares two large files. + + bfs Scans a large file. + + cal Displays a calendar. + + cat Concatenates and prints files. + + cc C compiler. + + cd Change directory. + + chgrp Changes a file's group ownership. + + chmod Changes a file's access permissions. + + chown Changes the individual ownership of a file. + + cmp Compares two files; diplays the location (line + and byte) of the 1st difference between these. + + comm Compares two files so as to determine which + lines are common to both. + + cp Copies a file to another location. + + cu Calls another UNIX system. + + date Returns the date and time. + + df Displays free space in the file system. + + diff Displays the differences between two files + or directories. + + diff3 Displays the differences between three files + or directories. + + du Reports on file system usage. + + echo Displays its argument. + + ed Text editor. + + ex Text editor. + + expr Evaluates its argument which is generally + a mathematical formula. + + f77 FORTRAN compiler. + + find Locates the files w/ specified characteristics. + + format Initializes a floppy disk. + + grep Searches for a pattern within a file. (see awk) + + help Salvation. + + kill Ends a process. + + ln Used to link files. + + lpr Copies the file to the line printer. + + ls Displays info. about one or more files. + + mail Used to receive or deliver e-mail. + + mkdir Creates a new directory. + + more Displays a long file so that the user + can scroll through it. + + mv Used to move or rename files. + + nroff Used to format text. + + ps Display a process's status. + + pwd Display the name of the working directory. + + rm Removes one or more files. + + rmdir Deletes one or more directories. + + sleep Causes a process to become inactive for a + specified length of time. + + sort Sort and merge one or more files. + + spell Finds spelling errors in a file. + + split Divides a file. + + stty Display or set terminal parameters. + + tail Displays the end of a file. + + troff Outputs formatted output to a typesetter. + + tset Sets the terminal type. + + umask Allows the user to specify a new creation + mask. + + uniq Compares 2 files. Finds and displays lines + in one file that are unique. + + uucp UNIX-to-UNIX execute. + + vi Full screen editor. + + wc Displays details in the file size. + + who Info. on who else be online. + + write Used to send a message to another user. +_______________________________________________________________________________ +~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + + awk program filenames + awk -f programfilenames filenames + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [awk] utility can be used to find any lines in a file which + match a certain pattern; once found, these lines can be processed. + In the first configuration, the program that [awk] is to + execute is specified in the command line. In the second, + the program is stored as the file given in programfilename. + The -f option instructs [awk] to read this file. + + + [bdiff] is used to compare files too large for [diff]. See + [diff] for the format. + + + bfs filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [bfs] is used to scan a large file to determine where to split + it into smaller files. + + + cal 01-12 (month) 0-9999 (year) + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [cal] utility can be used to display a calendar of any year + from 0 to 9999 AD, and any or all of the twelve months. + + + cat filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [cat] can be used to examine a short file. See [more] for + lengthier files. + + + number[cc] + ~~~~~~~~~~ + The [cc] command changes the entire current line, or a group + of lines starting with the current line. [number] represents + the number of old lines to be deleted. + + + cd directory name + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [cd] command causes the current working directory to be + changed. The [directory name] can be either a full or partial + path name. + + + chgrp groupname filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + This command changes the group ownership of a file. + + + chmod {ugoa} {+-} {rwx} + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [chmod] utility changes a file's access permissions. [u] + specifies the user or owner's login name, [g] specifies a group + and [o] indicates all others. [a] indicates the user, group, + and all others; c'est the default. [+] adds permission; [-] + deletes it. [r] indicates read, [w] write, and [x] execute. + + + chown individualname filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [chown] changes the individual ownership of a file (see chgrp). + + + cmp filename1 filename2 + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [cmp] is one of the four principle UNIX file comparison utilities. + It compares 2 files, and returns the positions where they differ. + + + comm -options filename1 filename2 + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [comm] utility, in comparing two files, produces three + columns of output. The first contains lines unique to the + first file, the second, lines unique to the second, and the + third column, lines common to both files. By placing the + numbers [1], [2], and/or [3] in the [options] position, any + one (or more) of these columns can be suppressed. + + + cp sendingfile receivingfile + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [cp] command copies a file. [sendingfile] is the file to be + copied, [receivingfile] is the file to which it is copied. + + + diff [options] filename1 filename2 + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Again, a file comparison utility. However, with [diff], the + differences are displayed as instructions that can be used + to edit the files so that they are identical. + + + diff3 filename1 filename2 filename3 + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Similar to [diff], [diff3] is unique in that it can compare + three files. Gee. + + + ed filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + One of the UNIX's three editing utilities, [ed] is a basic line + editor. I'm sure there are other files that will explain how + to use [ed]. Thus, I'll confine myself to a rough outline: + e filename ........... edit a different file + f filename ........... changes the currently specified file. + h .................... provides explanation of errors. + I + text ................. inserts text before the current line. + line,linel ........... lists the specified lines. + line,linen ........... displays specified lines, preceded by + their line numbers. + q .................... exit from [ed] + w .................... writes buffer to current filename. + + or - ............... +number of lines closer to end + -number of lines closer to beginning. + + + expr formula + ~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Utility which evaluates an expression. + + + find directory searchcriteria parameter actioncriteria parameter + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [find] utility can be very useful indeed, especially when + confronted by a UNIX with countless files. Basically, this + command finds files which meet certain criteria, and then + performs an operation (such as printing the files). Search + criteria consists of the following: + + + Criteria Parameter Description + ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ + -name filename Files whose names match [filename] + will meet this criteria. + -type filetype Files whose type matches that specified + [b] block special will meet criteria. + [c] character spec. file + [d] directory file + [f] plain file + -links +/- x Files with # of links indicated by + + or - x meet this criteria. + -user login name Files belonging to user with given + or user ID # login name or ID # meet criteria. + -group group name Files belonging to group with given + or group ID # group name or ID # meet this criteria. + -size + or - x Files greater than +x bytes or less + than -x bytes meet this criteria. + -atime + or - x Files not accessed within +x days, + accessed within -x days, or acc- + essed x days ago meet criteria. + -mtime + or - x Files NOT modified within +x days, + modified within -x days, or modified + x days ago will meet this criteria. + -newer filename Files modified more recently than + [filename] meet this criteria. + Action Criteria " " + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ + -print - When search criteria are met, path + name of the file is displayed. + -exec command{ }\; Executes given command when search + criteria are met. { } indicates file- + name, [\;] ends the command. + -ok command{ }\; Exactly like -exec, except user is + prompted [y] or [n] before command. + + + grep -options searchstring filenames + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + Another search command, this for a particular string of chars. + + + ln original new + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [ln] establishes a file link. For this utility, [original] repre- + sents the filename to be linked, [new] the filename of the new + link to the original. + + + [ls] provides directory information. [ls -l/] displays a more + complete version of the info. list. + + + mail username username + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + This utility allows e-mail to be sent to other system users. + + mail + ~~~~ + Simply typing [mail] checks the user's own mailbox. + When sending mail, several items must be set: + ~s text ............ sets the subject field + ~c user names ...... sends other users carbon copies of mail + m user names ....... activates the compose mode, with the + specified users as the message's recipients. + ~h ................. displays and allows editing of all headers. + ^D ................. ends message editing; sends mail. + ~r filename ........ places file in body of message (keen command) + + Reading One's Own Mail: + h number or range ....... causes specified headers to be displayed + p message # ............. displays entire message + d number or range ....... deletes specified messages + u number or range ....... undelete specified mail during SAME + mail session (messages removed after q) + q ....................... leave the post office + + + mkdir directoryname + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [mkdir] allows creation of a subdirectory, for your dining + enjoyment. + + + more filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + For longer files, [more] is a convenient utility. It will display + the first screen of file data and then stop, allowing the user + to control scrolling henceforth. + + + mv oldfilename newfilename + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [mv] utility can be used simply to rename a file, or... + + + mv filea fileb... directory + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [mv] can also be used to move files to a new directory, provided + the directory exists, and you have write access to it. + + + ps -options + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [ps] command, by itself, displays the status of each active + process controlled by your terminal. This status report includes + the Process Identification Number (PID), the terminal (TTY), the + time the process has been executing (TIME), and the command line + used to execute the process (CMD). + [ps]'s three options include -a (displays info. on active processes + controlled by any terminal), -x (info. on ALL active processes), and + -l (an extensive status report on all active processes). + + + pwd + ~~~ + [pwd] command displays the present working directory. + + + rm filename + ~~~~~~~~~~~ + [rm] removes a file. More than one file can be specified. + + + rmdir directoryname + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + This utility removes a directory, an EMPTY directory (save the + hidden files). + + + sleep seconds + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [sleep] utility causes a process to become inactive for a + certain period of time. Max. seconds is 65,536 (about 18 hrs). + + + sort -options filenames + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [sort] merges and sorts files. Without options, [sort] orders + files by the ASCII codes of the characters at the beginning + of each line. Options include -b (leading blanks ignored), -d + (only letters, digs, and blanks considered; "dictionary sort"), + -f (case ignored), -n (numerical sort [for numerical data]), and + -r (a reverse sort). + + + split -size original resulting + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + [split] divides a large file into smaller ones. [size] refers to + the number of lines the resulting files contain, [original] is + the name of the orig. file, and [resulting] represents the + prefix name assigned to the newly created files. + + + umask ugo + ~~~~~~~~~ + [umask] changes the file CREATION mask (see [chmod] for already + existing files). Here, [u] represents the owner's access + permission, [g] the group's a.p., and [o] the a.p. for all others. + + + [uucp] (UNIX to UNIX copy) can be used to send files to a + remote UNIX, or retrieve files from the remote system. + Other UNIX comm commands include [cu] (which establishes contact + with another system), and [uux] (UNIX to UNIX execute; allows + commands to be executed on a remote system). + + + wc -options filenames + ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ + The [wc] utility displays file-size information. This includes + the number of lines, words, and characters. By chosing the + -l, -w, or -c options, the information can be limited to only + line, word, or character number. + + + who + ~~~ + A very useful command (which some systems respond to even before + a user is actually logged on), [who] displays a list of users + currently online. This list includes the user's name, terminal + device # (tty), and the log-in time. [who am i] displays info. + only on the user who executed the command. + + + \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v1.2.3