From 9ae993b3ab0f834e64e80a9592fefd0e911b286a Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: mjfernez Date: Wed, 12 Jul 2023 00:19:43 -0400 Subject: Removed md directories and moved files That was confusing --- .md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt | 449 -------------------------- 1 file changed, 449 deletions(-) delete mode 100644 .md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt (limited to '.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt') diff --git a/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt b/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt deleted file mode 100644 index 722122e..0000000 --- a/.md/thoughts/txt/textfiles.com/unix_bible.txt +++ /dev/null @@ -1,449 +0,0 @@ - UNIX - ~~~~ - - Command Description - ~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ - - awk Search for a pattern within a file. Includes - a built-in programming language. - - bdiff Compares two large files. - - bfs Scans a large file. - - cal Displays a calendar. - - cat Concatenates and prints files. - - cc C compiler. - - cd Change directory. - - chgrp Changes a file's group ownership. - - chmod Changes a file's access permissions. - - chown Changes the individual ownership of a file. - - cmp Compares two files; diplays the location (line - and byte) of the 1st difference between these. - - comm Compares two files so as to determine which - lines are common to both. - - cp Copies a file to another location. - - cu Calls another UNIX system. - - date Returns the date and time. - - df Displays free space in the file system. - - diff Displays the differences between two files - or directories. - - diff3 Displays the differences between three files - or directories. - - du Reports on file system usage. - - echo Displays its argument. - - ed Text editor. - - ex Text editor. - - expr Evaluates its argument which is generally - a mathematical formula. - - f77 FORTRAN compiler. - - find Locates the files w/ specified characteristics. - - format Initializes a floppy disk. - - grep Searches for a pattern within a file. (see awk) - - help Salvation. - - kill Ends a process. - - ln Used to link files. - - lpr Copies the file to the line printer. - - ls Displays info. about one or more files. - - mail Used to receive or deliver e-mail. - - mkdir Creates a new directory. - - more Displays a long file so that the user - can scroll through it. - - mv Used to move or rename files. - - nroff Used to format text. - - ps Display a process's status. - - pwd Display the name of the working directory. - - rm Removes one or more files. - - rmdir Deletes one or more directories. - - sleep Causes a process to become inactive for a - specified length of time. - - sort Sort and merge one or more files. - - spell Finds spelling errors in a file. - - split Divides a file. - - stty Display or set terminal parameters. - - tail Displays the end of a file. - - troff Outputs formatted output to a typesetter. - - tset Sets the terminal type. - - umask Allows the user to specify a new creation - mask. - - uniq Compares 2 files. Finds and displays lines - in one file that are unique. - - uucp UNIX-to-UNIX execute. - - vi Full screen editor. - - wc Displays details in the file size. - - who Info. on who else be online. - - write Used to send a message to another user. -_______________________________________________________________________________ -~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - - awk program filenames - awk -f programfilenames filenames - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [awk] utility can be used to find any lines in a file which - match a certain pattern; once found, these lines can be processed. - In the first configuration, the program that [awk] is to - execute is specified in the command line. In the second, - the program is stored as the file given in programfilename. - The -f option instructs [awk] to read this file. - - - [bdiff] is used to compare files too large for [diff]. See - [diff] for the format. - - - bfs filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [bfs] is used to scan a large file to determine where to split - it into smaller files. - - - cal 01-12 (month) 0-9999 (year) - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [cal] utility can be used to display a calendar of any year - from 0 to 9999 AD, and any or all of the twelve months. - - - cat filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [cat] can be used to examine a short file. See [more] for - lengthier files. - - - number[cc] - ~~~~~~~~~~ - The [cc] command changes the entire current line, or a group - of lines starting with the current line. [number] represents - the number of old lines to be deleted. - - - cd directory name - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [cd] command causes the current working directory to be - changed. The [directory name] can be either a full or partial - path name. - - - chgrp groupname filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - This command changes the group ownership of a file. - - - chmod {ugoa} {+-} {rwx} - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [chmod] utility changes a file's access permissions. [u] - specifies the user or owner's login name, [g] specifies a group - and [o] indicates all others. [a] indicates the user, group, - and all others; c'est the default. [+] adds permission; [-] - deletes it. [r] indicates read, [w] write, and [x] execute. - - - chown individualname filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [chown] changes the individual ownership of a file (see chgrp). - - - cmp filename1 filename2 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [cmp] is one of the four principle UNIX file comparison utilities. - It compares 2 files, and returns the positions where they differ. - - - comm -options filename1 filename2 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [comm] utility, in comparing two files, produces three - columns of output. The first contains lines unique to the - first file, the second, lines unique to the second, and the - third column, lines common to both files. By placing the - numbers [1], [2], and/or [3] in the [options] position, any - one (or more) of these columns can be suppressed. - - - cp sendingfile receivingfile - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [cp] command copies a file. [sendingfile] is the file to be - copied, [receivingfile] is the file to which it is copied. - - - diff [options] filename1 filename2 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Again, a file comparison utility. However, with [diff], the - differences are displayed as instructions that can be used - to edit the files so that they are identical. - - - diff3 filename1 filename2 filename3 - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Similar to [diff], [diff3] is unique in that it can compare - three files. Gee. - - - ed filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~ - One of the UNIX's three editing utilities, [ed] is a basic line - editor. I'm sure there are other files that will explain how - to use [ed]. Thus, I'll confine myself to a rough outline: - e filename ........... edit a different file - f filename ........... changes the currently specified file. - h .................... provides explanation of errors. - I - text ................. inserts text before the current line. - line,linel ........... lists the specified lines. - line,linen ........... displays specified lines, preceded by - their line numbers. - q .................... exit from [ed] - w .................... writes buffer to current filename. - + or - ............... +number of lines closer to end - -number of lines closer to beginning. - - - expr formula - ~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Utility which evaluates an expression. - - - find directory searchcriteria parameter actioncriteria parameter - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [find] utility can be very useful indeed, especially when - confronted by a UNIX with countless files. Basically, this - command finds files which meet certain criteria, and then - performs an operation (such as printing the files). Search - criteria consists of the following: - - - Criteria Parameter Description - ~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~ ~~~~~~~~~~~ - -name filename Files whose names match [filename] - will meet this criteria. - -type filetype Files whose type matches that specified - [b] block special will meet criteria. - [c] character spec. file - [d] directory file - [f] plain file - -links +/- x Files with # of links indicated by - + or - x meet this criteria. - -user login name Files belonging to user with given - or user ID # login name or ID # meet criteria. - -group group name Files belonging to group with given - or group ID # group name or ID # meet this criteria. - -size + or - x Files greater than +x bytes or less - than -x bytes meet this criteria. - -atime + or - x Files not accessed within +x days, - accessed within -x days, or acc- - essed x days ago meet criteria. - -mtime + or - x Files NOT modified within +x days, - modified within -x days, or modified - x days ago will meet this criteria. - -newer filename Files modified more recently than - [filename] meet this criteria. - Action Criteria " " - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ ~ ~ - -print - When search criteria are met, path - name of the file is displayed. - -exec command{ }\; Executes given command when search - criteria are met. { } indicates file- - name, [\;] ends the command. - -ok command{ }\; Exactly like -exec, except user is - prompted [y] or [n] before command. - - - grep -options searchstring filenames - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - Another search command, this for a particular string of chars. - - - ln original new - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [ln] establishes a file link. For this utility, [original] repre- - sents the filename to be linked, [new] the filename of the new - link to the original. - - - [ls] provides directory information. [ls -l/] displays a more - complete version of the info. list. - - - mail username username - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - This utility allows e-mail to be sent to other system users. - - mail - ~~~~ - Simply typing [mail] checks the user's own mailbox. - When sending mail, several items must be set: - ~s text ............ sets the subject field - ~c user names ...... sends other users carbon copies of mail - m user names ....... activates the compose mode, with the - specified users as the message's recipients. - ~h ................. displays and allows editing of all headers. - ^D ................. ends message editing; sends mail. - ~r filename ........ places file in body of message (keen command) - - Reading One's Own Mail: - h number or range ....... causes specified headers to be displayed - p message # ............. displays entire message - d number or range ....... deletes specified messages - u number or range ....... undelete specified mail during SAME - mail session (messages removed after q) - q ....................... leave the post office - - - mkdir directoryname - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [mkdir] allows creation of a subdirectory, for your dining - enjoyment. - - - more filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - For longer files, [more] is a convenient utility. It will display - the first screen of file data and then stop, allowing the user - to control scrolling henceforth. - - - mv oldfilename newfilename - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [mv] utility can be used simply to rename a file, or... - - - mv filea fileb... directory - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [mv] can also be used to move files to a new directory, provided - the directory exists, and you have write access to it. - - - ps -options - ~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [ps] command, by itself, displays the status of each active - process controlled by your terminal. This status report includes - the Process Identification Number (PID), the terminal (TTY), the - time the process has been executing (TIME), and the command line - used to execute the process (CMD). - [ps]'s three options include -a (displays info. on active processes - controlled by any terminal), -x (info. on ALL active processes), and - -l (an extensive status report on all active processes). - - - pwd - ~~~ - [pwd] command displays the present working directory. - - - rm filename - ~~~~~~~~~~~ - [rm] removes a file. More than one file can be specified. - - - rmdir directoryname - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - This utility removes a directory, an EMPTY directory (save the - hidden files). - - - sleep seconds - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [sleep] utility causes a process to become inactive for a - certain period of time. Max. seconds is 65,536 (about 18 hrs). - - - sort -options filenames - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [sort] merges and sorts files. Without options, [sort] orders - files by the ASCII codes of the characters at the beginning - of each line. Options include -b (leading blanks ignored), -d - (only letters, digs, and blanks considered; "dictionary sort"), - -f (case ignored), -n (numerical sort [for numerical data]), and - -r (a reverse sort). - - - split -size original resulting - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - [split] divides a large file into smaller ones. [size] refers to - the number of lines the resulting files contain, [original] is - the name of the orig. file, and [resulting] represents the - prefix name assigned to the newly created files. - - - umask ugo - ~~~~~~~~~ - [umask] changes the file CREATION mask (see [chmod] for already - existing files). Here, [u] represents the owner's access - permission, [g] the group's a.p., and [o] the a.p. for all others. - - - [uucp] (UNIX to UNIX copy) can be used to send files to a - remote UNIX, or retrieve files from the remote system. - Other UNIX comm commands include [cu] (which establishes contact - with another system), and [uux] (UNIX to UNIX execute; allows - commands to be executed on a remote system). - - - wc -options filenames - ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ - The [wc] utility displays file-size information. This includes - the number of lines, words, and characters. By chosing the - -l, -w, or -c options, the information can be limited to only - line, word, or character number. - - - who - ~~~ - A very useful command (which some systems respond to even before - a user is actually logged on), [who] displays a list of users - currently online. This list includes the user's name, terminal - device # (tty), and the log-in time. [who am i] displays info. - only on the user who executed the command. - - - \ No newline at end of file -- cgit v1.2.3